Minnesota House File No. 173 is a legislative bill aimed at altering how Social Security income is taxed for state residents. The proposed changes would allow individuals to subtract a greater or alternative amount from their Social Security benefits when calculating their state income tax. Specifically, the bill:

1. Introduces a "simplified subtraction" method which adjusts based on the taxpayer's income level and filing status, with higher incomes seeing reduced subtractions.
2. Sets initial phaseout thresholds based on marital status, reducing the subtraction as taxpayers' incomes exceed these limits.
3. Provides an "alternate subtraction" method which caps the maximum subtraction a taxpayer can claim, also adjusted based on provisional income exceeding certain thresholds.
4. Specifies conditions for adjustments in phaseout and threshold amounts in future years to address inflation or other economic changes.

Essentially, this bill is designed to potentially reduce the tax burden on Minnesotans receiving Social Security by allowing them to subtract more of their Social Security benefits from their taxable income, subject to certain income thresholds and conditions.